I'd also describe c++ as a procedural language with object-orientated features where-as java is fully object orientated
I'd say it doesn't really matter what you learn - good programmers in one language can pick up other languages reasonably easily - even old hacks like me who started on Fortran 77, when it was still new

- entering programs on punch cards and waiting for time on large time sharing mainframes with collosol 16k memories - *sigh* . I still use Fortran today at work - an excellent language for data analysis.
If given the choice to start again , I'd probably plump for c++ over Java , just because I'd feel it gives a better idea of basic input/output and develops lower level skills, but that's purely personal - You'll probably get more immediate satisfaction from Java programming - a lot easier for the novice to produce relatively complex applications from scratch